Bipolar disorder is more than occasional mood swings or feeling “moody.” It’s a serious mental health condition characterized by extreme shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to function. These shifts go beyond normal ups and downs and can interfere with work, relationships, and everyday responsibilities.
You might consider reaching out for counseling for bipolar disorder if you’ve experienced:
- Episodes of unusually high energy, racing thoughts, or impulsive behavior
- Periods of depression that last for days or weeks
- Trouble sleeping or sleeping excessively
- Feeling “wired” or overly excited, even when others seem calm
- Difficulty maintaining routines or relationships due to mood changes
If your emotional states feel extreme or out of proportion, a trained bipolar therapist can help clarify whether bipolar disorder is a factor.
Types of bipolar disorder
There are several types of bipolar disorder, each with its own pattern of symptoms:
Bipolar I Disorder
This involves at least one manic episode lasting at least 7 days or requiring hospitalization. Depressive episodes often occur as well but are not necessary for diagnosis.
Bipolar II Disorder
Characterized by alternating episodes of hypomania (a milder form of mania) and major depression. People with Bipolar II often struggle more with depressive symptoms.
Cyclothymic Disorder (Cyclothymia)
Involves chronic mood fluctuations that are less severe than full manic or depressive episodes, but still disruptive over time.
Other Specified and Unspecified Bipolar Disorders
These include bipolar-like symptoms that don't fit the exact criteria above but still cause significant distress or impairment.
A psychologist for bipolar disorder can help determine which type, if any, fits your experience.
Recognizing the symptoms
The symptoms of bipolar disorder can vary depending on the type and phase, but generally fall into two categories:
Symptoms of Mania or Hypomania:
- Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
- Decreased need for sleep (e.g., feeling rested after just a few hours)
- Talkativeness or pressured speech
- Racing thoughts
- Distractibility
- Increased goal-directed activity or agitation
- Risky behavior (spending sprees, reckless driving, unprotected sex)
Symptoms of Depression:
- Persistent sadness or emptiness
- Loss of interest in things you used to enjoy
- Fatigue or low energy
- Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
- Feelings of worthlessness or hopelessness
- Changes in appetite or sleep
- Thoughts of death or suicide
These symptoms can last for days, weeks, or even months. Without treatment, they often return—sometimes more severely.
What do the diagnostic criteria mean?
To be diagnosed with bipolar disorder, a person must experience at least one manic or hypomanic episode (depending on the type) and possibly depressive episodes.
A mental health provider will assess:
- Duration and intensity of mood changes
- Functional impairment in daily life
- History of hospitalizations or risky behaviors
- Whether symptoms are linked to substance use or medical conditions
Diagnosis should always be made by a licensed professional, such as a therapist for bipolar disorder or a psychiatrist. Self-diagnosis can be misleading, as other disorders can mimic bipolar symptoms.
Getting diagnosed
Getting diagnosed can feel overwhelming, but it’s a key step toward stability and healing. The process often includes:
- A clinical interview
- Standardized assessments
- A review of family and personal history
- Rule-outs for other mental health or medical conditions
Once diagnosed, you and your provider can develop a personalized treatment plan. Working with a counselor for bipolar disorder or bipolar disorder therapist ensures that the plan fits your lifestyle and goals